Original Investigation

Extreme Risk Protection Order Policies and Suicide Risk Among Handgun Owners

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.34833

September 18, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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This cohort study of California’s ERPO law and suicide risk among handgun owners estimated a modest population-level reduction in suicide risk, although a null effect cannot be ruled out, and such aggregate estimates do not necessarily imply ERPOs are ineffective among the individuals subjected to them. The findings reinforce the need for further research to understand the ways in which ERPOs can be used to reduce suicide.

Corresponding Author: Nhan Tran, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (ngt18@pitt.edu).

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