Review

Cutaneous Melanoma

JAMA 10.1001/jama.2025.13074

August 25, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Melanoma is a common cancer in the US. Treatment for stage IA-IIA melanoma is surgical resection. Anti–PD-1 immunotherapy after surgical excision improves recurrence-free survival in stages IIB-C melanoma. For stage III melanoma, anti–PD-1 immunotherapy or BRAF + MEK inhibitor therapy decreases risk of melanoma recurrence. First-line therapy for metastatic melanoma is dual checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab and nivolumab.

Corresponding Author: John M. Kirkwood, MD, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Ste 1.32, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (kirkwoodjm@upmc.edu).

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