Original Investigation

Hospital Cesarean Delivery Rankings by Overall, Low-Risk, and Reliability-Adjusted Metrics

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.37167

October 01, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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In this cross-sectional study of US hospitals, cesarean delivery rankings differed substantially between overall and SMFM low-risk denominators, highlighting limitations of overall rates for accountability. The high concordance between unadjusted and reliability-adjusted rankings suggests that the SMFM low-risk metric already captures most of the between-hospital signal. US region was the strongest correlate of reliability-adjusted rates.

Corresponding Author: Tetsuya Kawakita, MD, MS, EVMS Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Macon tetsuya.x.kawakita@gmail.com).

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