Sex, Timing, and Outcomes of Curative-Intent Immunotherapy

This systematic review and meta-analysis detected no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes associated with ICIs by patient sex, although female patients were underrepresented. In exploratory analyses, neoadjuvant or perioperative ICIs were associated with superior survival outcomes compared with strictly adjuvant administration, a finding that supports increased adoption of neoadjuvant ICI therapy approaches.

Corresponding Author: Anne-Murielle Hollinger, MD, Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital Bern, Universitiy Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 41, 3010 Bern, Switzerland (anne.hollinger@insel.ch).

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