Original Investigation

Self-Pay Prices and Financial Assistance Programs for Urology Appointments

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.30651

August 25, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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In this national cross-sectional study of 1150 urology clinics, most clinics provided self-pay appointment prices, although substantial price transparency gaps remained; hospital-based and academic clinics were associated with lower odds of providing self-pay prices but higher odds of offering financial assistance programs. Ambiguous financial assistance terms may limit the ability of self-pay patients to navigate self-pay prices, suggesting a need for standardized disclosure to improve access to urologic care.

Corresponding Author: Walter Hsiang, MD, MBA, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave, A610, San Francisco, CA 94143 (walter.hsiang@ucsf.edu).

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