Review

Hypothyroidism

JAMA 10.1001/jama.2025.13559

September 03, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Hypothyroidism may be associated with fatigue, weight gain, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and increased risk of miscarriage. Levothyroxine is the first-line treatment to normalize the thyrotropin level and improve clinical manifestations due to hypothyroidism.

Corresponding Author: Maria Papaleontiou, MD, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (mpapaleo@med.umich.edu).

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